Educational information, not medical advice. See our Medical Disclaimer. Last updated: October 29, 2026.
Ear pain can be uncomfortable and worrying, particularly when it affects a child. Many ear infections improve within a few days, but some symptoms need prompt medical assessment. This guide explains common signs, safe self-care and when to contact a healthcare professional.
What is an ear infection?
An ear infection occurs when part of the ear becomes inflamed or infected. A middle-ear infection (otitis media) often follows a cold, while an outer-ear infection (otitis externa) can be associated with water, irritation, eczema or infection of the ear canal. The symptoms and appropriate treatment can differ, so avoid assuming that every earache needs antibiotics.
Common symptoms
- Earache, pressure or a feeling of fullness
- A raised temperature or feeling generally unwell
- Temporary difficulty hearing
- Fluid or discharge from the ear
- Itching or irritation, particularly with outer-ear infections
Babies and young children may tug at an ear, become unsettled, eat less or respond differently to sounds. These signs do not confirm an infection on their own.
What can help at home?
For mild symptoms, rest and a warm (not hot) flannel held against the ear may provide comfort. Paracetamol or ibuprofen may help with pain when suitable for the person; follow the package instructions and ask a pharmacist if you are unsure, especially for a child, during pregnancy or with other medical conditions.
Keep the ear dry and wipe away discharge only from the outside. Do not insert cotton buds, fingers or other objects into the ear, and do not use leftover ear drops or oil unless a clinician advises it. Some drops are unsuitable if the eardrum is perforated. Decongestants and antihistamines have not been shown to help ordinary ear infections.
Will antibiotics be needed?
Not always. Many middle-ear infections improve without antibiotics. A clinician may recommend treatment based on the cause, severity, age and risk of complications. Outer-ear infections may require prescribed ear drops. Use any prescribed medicine exactly as directed and do not share antibiotics.
When should you get medical advice?
Seek urgent medical advice if there is swelling around the ear, fluid coming from it, new hearing loss, a very high temperature, significant dizziness or vomiting, severe symptoms, or if the person is generally unwell. Get advice sooner for babies under 12 months, people with diabetes or a weakened immune system, or anyone with significant underlying illness. Arrange a clinical review if earache is not improving after about 2–3 days or infections keep returning.
Seek emergency care if the person becomes confused, difficult to wake or seriously unwell. Local emergency arrangements differ by country.
Can ear infections be prevented?
Not all infections can be prevented. Avoid putting objects in the ear, keep ears dry if water triggers irritation, treat eczema as advised, and keep routine vaccinations up to date. If symptoms recur or hearing remains affected after an infection, ask a clinician to assess the cause.
Reliable sources
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general education and is not a diagnosis or a substitute for individual medical advice. Seek professional care if symptoms are severe, worsening or concerning.
Written by the nohas.es Editorial Team from the official sources listed in this article. Read our Editorial Policy and Fact Checking Policy. Found an error? Tell us.
